题　名  让与担保制度研究  
作　者  李奕  
作者单位  吉林大学,法学院,长春市 130012  
专　业  经济法学  
指导教师  马新彦
学位级别  303  
馆藏索取号  3990400  
中文文摘  本文是对让与担保制度的基本理论及立法思考的研究。笔者在近年来从事经济审判的实践中常感到我国现存的担保制度存在着一些弊端已不能完全适应市场经济发展的需求,为此建议引进国外让与担保这种实用、灵活而有效的担保方式。全文共由三个部分组成,第一部分是对让与担保制度所做的简要阐述,第二部分是对让与担保制度的基本理论的研究,第三部分是我国让与担保制度的立法思考研究。
论文的第一部分，首先阐述的是让与担保的基本内涵和让与担保所具有的担保物权的共同特征以及让与担保作为一种独特的担保方式同时还具有的不同于抵押、质押、留置的独有特征；其次,通过对让与担保的历史和现状的考察分析,使我们认识到让与担保起源于罗马法上的信托制度,担保物权制度在其发展的过程中大体呈现如下趋势：即担保物权已从单纯的债权保全功能向资金融通功能发展,担保物权的标的物由不动产为主向动产为主、由仅限于有形财产向无形财产方向发展。让与担保作为物的担保的最原始形态,在当代社会重新为人们所认识和利用,就是因为它符合了担保物权的这一发展趋势。目前,日本、德国、瑞士以及我国的台湾的判例和学说均承认让与担保制度的存在,让与担保是这些国家在制订法之外被广泛运用的,由习惯法加以调整的一种担保方式。再次,笔者通过大陆法系国家对让与担保是否有效的纷争中所产生的四种具有代表性学说的介绍,对让与担保的有效性进行了论述。认为让与担保具备法律行为关于效果意思和表示行为相一致的要件,不构成通谋虚伪的表示,让与担保不违背物权法定主义,不违反公序良俗。
论文的第二部分,主要是围绕让与担保制度的基本理论着重探讨了五个问题。（1）关于让与担保的设定,主要阐明了主债权的有效存在是让与担保设定的前提,让与担保的设定人可以是债务人也可以是第三人,让与担保的设定是由所有权移转与占有改定的交付方式相结合而完成的,让与担保应当公示,物权变动的公示应以担保物的交付或登记为必要,同时还论述了让与担保的所有权转移的方式,让与担保合同的主要内容,并通过对让与担保标的物的阐述特别指出了让与担保较抵押、质押更具优势的原因之一就是其让与担保标的物的范围极为广泛、灵活。（2）对让与担保的效力问题论述,首先从对让与担保标的物的利用、占有、保管,让与担保设定人的返还请求权以及让与担保当事人的破产几个方面入手阐述了让与担保的设定在设定人与担保权人之间形成的权利义务关系,其次从让与担保的当事人处分让与担保标的物、第三人对让与担保标的物的占有的侵害等角度论述了让与担保对当事人以外的第三人所产生的权利义务关系。（3）对让与担保实行问题的探析,指出了实行让与担保的主要方式有变价担保物取偿和估价取得担保物两种方式,并着重强调了无论采用哪种方式实施让与担保都应对担保物的价额和债权的份额进行清算,在担保物估价变价额超过所担保的债权额时,担保权人应当将超过部分的价额返还给让与担保设定人。（4)主要论述的是让与担保因其实行、标的物的灭失以及被担保的债权的消灭而消灭的三种情形。（5）主要是对让与担保在实际运作过程中可能产生的与抵押权、动产质权、留置权的竞合问题进行的探讨,从而对可能出现的一些情况提出一些处理意见。
第三部分首先阐述的是借鉴国外让与担保制度的必要性。笔者先通过近年来的经济审判工作所积累的实践经验出发,具体地分析了我国《担保法》中所规定的担保方式中的保证,抵押和质押所存在的弊端,并指出我国的基本国情所决定的诸多因素的限制往往使我国的担保形同虚设,我国的担保制度基本上是属于保全型的担保,在对担保的融资媒介作用和标的物效用的充分利用上重视不够,没有达到立法者的初衷目的,随后又论述了让与担保较我国的几种担保方式所具有的更大的优越性,即让与担保有利于充分发挥担保标的物的使用价值,让与担保标的物的范围广泛灵活,让与担保的实施方法非常灵活.能够景充分地保障债权的实现,从而得出如下结论：即以转移担保物的所有权为主要特征的让与担保对债权人而言是最为直接和最强有利的,是能够达到保证交易安全和促进资金融通的最终目的的。因此笔者认为应结合我国的实际情况,借鉴国外让与担保制度的成功经验来进一步完善我国的民事担保制度。其次,笔者先从让与担保的民法体系研究入手,指出为了保证我国将来所制订的民法典在逻辑上的一致性,应把让与担保这种权利转移型的担保物权与抵押、质押和留置一起,作为担保方式的一种放在未来制定的民法典中的“物权编”的担保制度中加以规定。随后,笔者对如何构建我国的让与担保制度又做了一些初步的设想,希望能够给研究者、立法者提供一份有益的参考资料参考。

英文文摘  This thesis focuses a fundamental theories and legislative suggestion of the persona] property transferring security system. The author, as a judge, has found in recent year''s economic jurisdiction that Personal property security in out country can''t adapt to the requirement of the market economy because of its disadvantage. Therefore, the author suggests that we should import the personal transferring security system for its pragmation and flexibility. This thesis is composed of three parts which are: the first part describes a brief explain of the personal property transferring security system; the second part focuses on studies of the personal property system''s theories the three part is the author''s legislative suggestion.
The first part of the thesis, the author analysis with his original way the personal property security systems basic connotation distinctive characteristics and describes it''s history and current situation to make us realize it''s originating from Rome law. So we know that the personal property security system has developed from safety function to continuous found circulation function, and it''s object changes from tangible property to intangible property. At present, Japan, German Swiss and Taiwan create all have admitted its value by cases and doctrines. Then, the author discusses its effective though introducing four representative theories. He maintains that the personal property security system possesses consistence between intention and action, it doesn''t violate public sequence good morality.
In part two, the author discusses five problems about the personal property security system''s fundamental theories: (1) It''s establishing, the author thinks that it''s premise is the affectivity of creditor''s main rights'' founding. Debtors or the third party can establish it. They set it up by referring proprietary rights and altering it''s occupying, at last, It should be brought into the by paying or registering. He also discusses the personal property system''s main content and superiority having the aid of its object''s wide--ranging and flexibility (2) its effect. At first, the author discusses the personal property security system''s litigant''s rights and obligations through utilizing objects occupying objects returning rights bankruptcy etc. Then, he describes the influence that the personal property security system brings to its third party beyond its litigants by introducing litigant''s disposement to objects and the third party''s occupying; (3) It''s carrying out. The author points out there are two ways to carry out the personal property security: one is auction. the other is appraising object''s prise. If, the object''s value is higher than the debt, the security righter should return the main to debtor; (4) Its punishing. The author focuses this problem on three circumstances;(5) The relationship between the personal property security and other securities, the author also poses his own standpoint about its settling ways.
In part three, the author discusses the necessity of drawing lessons from foreign country''s the persona] property security system. At first, the author analyzes the malpractices in our country''s daily judicial practices. And he point out that the security in our country should belong to preserving security, then he describes the personal property security''s advantages comparing others. At last, he drew these conclusions: The personal property security system is the most immediate and favorable to creditors, we should establish this institution in our country to consummate our civil security system, and the personal property security system should be provided in property law of civil law system. The author hope he can make some conceives to building our own personal property security system to offer seine good reference material for legislature and legal researchers of our country.

关键词  让与,担保,研究,自由词  
分类标识  D922  
论文注解日期  19990415  
总页数  45P