学位论文题名  法律程序与法治
论文作者      李京伟
作者单位      吉林大学
专    业      法理学
指导教师      张文显
并列题名      The legal procedure and rule of law
学位级别      303
中文文摘  
    本文围绕着法律程序与法治这一主题展开论述。法律程序是法治建设中的重大理论和实践问题，法律程序问题目前越来越受到重视，法律程序对法治建设有重要的意义。本文分为三个部分：第一部分是法律程序的基本理论，在这一部分首先通过程序、程序法、法律程序之语义分析，阐述了法律程序的含义，程序是指按时间先后或依次安排的工作步骤，程序法有广义和狭义的区分，狭义的程序法即指诉讼法，广义的程序法是所有程序性法律文件的总称， 法律程序的完整意义包括两部分：一是静态的制度确立，二是动态的依规定进行的法律行为。法律程序是程序法中的程序性规定和人们依规定的方式、步骤以及完成法律行为的统一。其次论述了法律程序的具体形态，包括四个方面：一是诉讼程序，特点有三：第一，诉讼程序中有明确的角色分工。第二，诉讼程序是针对特定的对象作出的。第三，诉讼程序中有明确的法律规范；二是行政程序，特点有二：第一，行政程序中法律关系主体地位的不对等。第二，行政程序下各方地位的平等；三是立法程序，特点有三：第一，角色分配意味削弱，行为导向功能增强。第二，层层推进，环环相扣。第三理性化、信息化、数字化的特点；四是选举程序。第三论述了法律程序的要素与特征。法律程序的要素包括：法律主体即享有权利承担义务的人；法律的时空要素，时序即法律行为的先后顺序，时限即法律行为所占时间长短，空间关系；法律行为是指依法设立、变更、终止权利义务的行为。程序法律关系的内容包括程序性权利与义务，法律程序的后果即肯定性后果和否定性后果。法律程序的特征包括三个方面，一是过程性和交涉性，二是时序性和时限性，三是不可逆性，三是终结性。第四论述了法律程序的独立性。主要包括两方面内容，一是论述了实体法与程序法关系，实体法和程序法的关系历史上有程序工具主义和程序本位主义的学说。我们对程序法和实体法的关系持一种全新的观点，即结构上的平行关系，价值上的独立关系，功能上的互补关系。所谓结构上的平行关系是指实体法和程序法都是法律体系中不可或缺的组成部分，价值上的独立关系是指实体法和程序法都有各自的评价系统，而不存在谁是谁的评价系统的问题，功能上的互补关系是指在作用方面互相补充、互相渗透；二是法律程序独立性的意义，具体包括三方面：第一，保证那些其权益可能受裁判结论有利或不利影响的人受到公正的对待，这种公正对待的核心是使他们作为人的人格尊严的内在价值得到尊重，第二，法律程序的独立性为结果的正当性铺设了前置性条件，第三：法律程序的独立性有利于使参与者更积极的接受结果，使法律实施发挥更好的效果。第二部分论述了法律程序的价值，包括内在价值和外在价值。法的内在价值是指法律自身所具有的价值因素，法的外在价值是指法律在发挥其社会作用过程中所增加的价值。首先论述了法律程序的内在价值并介绍国内外关于法律程序内在价值的各种观点，然后分别阐述。一是中立，是针对诉讼程序中法官的地位提出的，包括两层含义：第一，裁判者与争议事实没有利害关系，任何人不能做自己的法官。第二，裁判者对任何一方不得偏向或歧视；二是平等，包括两层含义，第一是当事人享有平等的诉讼权利，第二，法院平等地保护当事人诉讼权利的行使；三是公开，公开是重要的内在价值是因为：第一，公开是法律程序民主的重要体现，第二，只有在公开的情况下才能公开辩论和质证。第三，公开是对社会和公众进行现身教育的有效途径；四是参与，程序参与有两项基本要求：其一，当事人对程序的参与是自主、自愿的，第二，当事人必须有充分的参与机会；五是程序维持，是关于诉讼行为及其效力设置的一项价值要求。表现在两个方面：第一，程序一旦启动不能逆转，其二，维持程序所确立的结果；六是科学，在内在方面，要符合社会发展规律、思维规律及人自身其他方面的规律。在外在方面，取得良好的社会效果；七是文明，是指法律程序应符合生活道德要求。-其次论述了法律程序的外在价值。一是秩序， 法律程序对秩序的促进体现在两方面：第一，和平、文明地解决冲突。第二，通过一系列的制度设计实现关系的稳定性、过程的连续性、行为的规则性以及财产心理的安全性；二是自由，法律程序的自由价值是通过不受干预的消极自由和合理选择的积极自由实现的。三是效率，法律程序对效率的促进体现在，第一，法律程序一其确定性、可预测性减少了在寻求纠纷解决途径过程中的尝试性成本，使纠纷的解决快速、高效。第二，一系列制度一促进效率的目的而设。如选区的划分、简易程序、原告就被告等。第三部分论述了秩序正义与法治的关系。首先阐述了法治的内涵；其次，在秩序正义中，首先对实质正义、形式正义、实体正义、程序正义进行了语义分析，接下来介绍了罗尔斯关于程序正义的分类，进而论述了法治社会中形式正义与实质正义、程序正义与实体正义的冲突；在第三部分的最后论述了程序正义对于法治的功能。我们认为，我国的法治建设应该以程序法的改革和程序正义的追求为契机和突破口，将这项伟大的事业推向一个更高的阶段。
英文文摘 The exposition in this thesis revolves round the question of the legal procedure and rule of law. The problem of the legal procedure is a great matter of theory and practice and is increasingly emphasized. The legal procedure has great significance to rule of law. There are three parts in this thesis.In the first part the paper explores the basic theories of the legal procedure. Firstly, the paper expounds the meanings of the legal procedure by semantic analysis of procedure, procedural law and legal procedure. Procedure means successive work step. Procedural law has different meanings in a broad sense and in a narrow sense. Procedural law in a narrow sense is the procedural law. The procedural law in a broad sense is a general reference to all procedural legal documents. The meaning of the legal procedure includes two aspects. One is the establishment of the static system. The other is the dynamic legal conduct by regulations. The legal procedure means coherence both in procedural regulations of the procedural law and in legal conduct which people act by the ways and the steps of regulations. Secondly, the paper explores the concrete patterns of the legal procedure. It embodies in four aspects. i. Lawsuit Procedure. It has the characteristics of clear division of labor, the specified targets and the explicit legal regulations. ii. Administration Procedure. It has the characteristics of unequal subjective status in legal relations and equal status under the procedure. iii. Legislation procedure. It has the characteristics of weak part distribution and strong behavioral orientation, unassailable logic and ration, information and dignity. iv. Election procedure. Thirdly, the paper explores the essential factors and characteristics of the legal procedure. The essential factors include the legal subjects, the legal factors of time and space and the legal conducts. The legal subjects are the persons who enjoy rights and assume obligations. The factors of time and space mean successive legal conduct, time limit and the relations in space. The legal conduct means the behaviors of establishing, altering and terminating rights and obligations by law. The contents of the procedural legal relations include procedural rights and obligations and procedural consequences. The characteristics of the legal procedure include three aspects: Namely, process and negotiation, times and deadline and irreversible trend and termination. Fourthly, the paper expounds the independence of the legal procedure. It embodies in two aspect. On one hand, the paper expounds the relations of the substantial law and the procedural law. The doctrines of an instrument of procedure and the department egoism of procedure exist in the history. We take the relations between the substantial law and the procedural law as parallel in structure, independence in value and complementarities in function. The parallel in structure means that the substantial law and the procedural law are indispensable in the legal system. The independence in value means the substantial law and the procedural law have their own judgment system. The subordinate relations don''t exist between them. The complementarities in function means the substantial law and the procedural law complement and infiltrate each other in function. On the other hand, the paper explores the significance of the independence of legal procedure. It embodies in three aspects. i . To ensure the persons whose rights and interests are affected by judgment the equitable treatment; ii. To provide the preconditions for just of the conclusions; iii. To do good to make the participants accept the results positively to make the legal exertion play a good important role.
索书号 3010658
主题词 法律程序法治
分类号 DF0-059
论文答辩日期 20010410
论文页码总数 40P
论文页码总数 ref24
文献语种 zh
记录来源 吉林大学
记录流水号 DA200205000074

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吉林大学 3010658