题　名  公司人格否认原则之适用  
作　者  李会凯  
作者单位  吉林大学,法学院,长春市 130012  
专　业  经济法学  
指导教师  石少侠  
学位级别  303  
馆藏索取号  3990355  
中文文摘  公司的独立责任和股东的有限责任是公司法的传统基石,长期以来,成为推动经济发展的强有力杠杆,无论在英美法系,还是大陆法系,都被视为不可动摇的帝王条款。但在各国滥用公司的情况都很突出,在我国也大范围不同程度地存在。对此,美国率先开“揭开公司面纱”,随后,大陆法系国家也进行“直索”,即在特定的法律关系中,否认公司的独立人格,令滥用公司人格的股东承担无限责任,以此作为公司人格独立制度的补充。我国近年来在理论界对此也有介绍和探讨,但多引用数个外国的案例,并未见到系统地结合发生在我国的案例进行的专门研究。本文试图通过对一个发生在我国的案件的剖析,来阐述公司人格否认原则的适用,并期以此来推动这一舶来品移植于我国的进程,遏制公司人格滥用行为,保护债权人的利益,填补我国司法实践的空白。
全文共分三部分。第一部分是介绍案情。第二部分是案件评析，在这一部分里先分析了公司人格独立的价值二重性,指出它具有筹资、合理配置资源、减少风险等方面的积极作用,并指出其同时存在的对债权人有失公正、转嫁风险、过度冒险等固有的缺陷。又指出,这种缺陷在股东严守分离原则的情况下,是不会发病给社会带来危害,但一旦股东滥用权利则会使这个平衡体系失衡,使潜伏在这个平衡体内的病菌发病,并可使之蔓延,不但会危及债权人的安全,也可能殃及自身。然后,论述了在我国引入公司人格否认法来弥补该缺陷的必要性及可能性,以及在目前情况下应如何适用该原则。最后,阐述了适用公司人格否认原则的要件。它包括主体要件、行为要件、结果要件和主观要件。在主体要件中，分为适用主体，指合法有效设立之公司；责任主体，指因滥用公司人格而应受到追究的股东或母公司；主张主体,即因股东滥用公司人格而受损害的债权人或其它利害关系人。行为要件包括资产不足、财产混同、人格混同、不正当控制、虚拟股东等行为。这些行为给债权人及利害关系人造成了损害,这种损害结果与滥用行为有因果关系。在叙述以上诸要件的同时,对本案进行了剖析,结果完全符合上述要件。第三部分得出结论,应用该原则矫正了失衡的法律关系。

英文文摘  The corporate independence of liability and shareholders'' limitation of liability is the traditional cornerstone of Company Act and serves as powerful lever to have propelled economy forward for a long time. It is regarded as an unshakable authoritative provision both in Anglo-American Law and Civil Law. But abuse of corporate is very serious in all the countries and also exists in large range of China at different degrees. "Piercing the corporate veil" was first applied in America, then "direct claim for indemnification" was exercised in civil law countries, as is a complement to independence of corporate personality. The so-called "direct claim for indemnification" is disregarding the corporate personality and making the shareholders to take unlimited responsibility due to their abuse of corporate personality. In recent years there are many introductions of and researches on this rule theoretically in our country, but many of them are about foreign cases. No one has ever systematically make special study on the cases of our country. This paper tries to illustrate the principle of disregard of corporate personality by analyzing a case happened in our country. I expect to accelerate the process of the exotic immigrating into our country, hold hack the abuse of corporate personality protect the benefits of creditors, and supply a gap in our law practice.
There are three parts in this paper. The first part is case introduction. The second part is about case analysis, in which I first analyze the value dualism of corporate personality independence, on one hand, which plays an active role in finds-raising, reasonable resources allocation, risk-diminishing and so on, on the other hand, which has inherent such deficiencies as unfairness, risk-shifting, over-venture. These deficiencies don''t do harm to our society if the shareholders strictly comply with separation principles. But once shareholders'' abuse rights unbalances the system, the germ in this balance will multiply and spread. As a result, the security of creditors may be as well as that of holders are in danger. Then, I dissertate the necessity and possibility of introducing the principle of disregard of corporate personality into our country to remedy above facilities, also how to apply this theory under present case. Last part is on requisites for applicable to disregard of corporate personality. They are object requisites, action requisites, result requisites and subject requisites. Subject requisites include applicable subject (lawful corporate) , liability subject(share holders and parent company) and claimant. (Creditors and parties interested) All the foregoing requisites are applicable to the case after being analyzed. In the third part I draw a conclusion that the principle will balance the law system.

关键词  公司人格否认,有限责任,自由词  
分类标识  D923  
论文注解日期  19990415  
总页数  35P