题　名  受贿犯罪成因及其预防对策  
作　者  崔胜实  
作者单位  吉林大学,法学院,长春市 130012  
专　业  刑法学  
指导教师  李洁  
学位级别  303  
馆藏索取号  3990092  
中文文摘  受贿犯罪,作为诸多腐败现象中的突出问题,危害尤深尤烈。近年来司法机关和法学界就受贿犯罪问题展开了较深层次的研究。由于反腐败是长期的、艰巨的任务,有必要对其从多层面、多角度进行深入研究。本文依据某市近几年来查办受贿犯罪案件的情况,通过对受贿犯罪产生的原因、危害性哟分析,研究预防受贿犯罪的对策,提出健全和完善有关法律、制度的建议。
全文分为以下四个部分:
一、受贿犯罪的特点。针对新时期我国经济结构的变化,带来受贿犯罪形态的深刻变化情况,综合比较来自反贪污、贿赂实践的受贿犯罪具体数据和典型案例,归纳出受贿犯罪九个特点:一是受贿犯罪在经济犯罪中所占比例越来越大,犯罪率呈上升趋势；二是大要案猛增,犯罪数额巨大；三是受贿犯罪主体党员多、文化程度高,且年龄偏大；四是犯罪手段狡猾,形式和途径越来越诡秘、多样；五是受贿犯罪从经济部门蔓延到执法部门,且公开化、普遍化；六是“窝案”、“串案”增多,一案数罪的情况增多；七是犯罪分子反侦查能力强,侦破难度大；八是“顶风”作案,案件复发性强；九是犯罪黑数高。
二、受贿犯罪的危害性。主要是从受贿犯罪对经济基础及上层建筑方面造成的影响,分析受贿犯罪的政治危害性、经济危害性、社会危害性。一是严重影响执政党和政府的权威性及政权的稳定。指出国家公职人员,特别是党政领导干部索取、收受贿赂等腐败行为,容易使人民群众对党和政府的信任感下降,威信降低,影响党所确定的路线、方针、政策的正确贯彻执行,势必危及政权的稳定。二是严重破坏经济建设。举出破坏经济建设的典型案例,说明受贿等腐败现象的发展、蔓延已在一定程度上危害了我国目前的经济建设,严重妨害社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展。三是严重危害党、政府和人民群众的关系。阐明国家公职人员利用人民赋予的权力,大肆索取、收受贿赂,必将会坑害回家,损害党和国家的声誉与威望,离间人民群众同党和政府之间的关系,挫伤群众建设社会主义的积极性。四是严重破坏社会稳定,诱发社会动乱和犯罪。指出受贿犯罪蔓延于社会又不能受到及时打击,群众同执政党均对立情绪发展到一定程度,一旦遇到合适的气候和土壤,就可能酝酿成足以动摇政权和体制的社会动乱,同时也会诱发抢劫、诈骗、盗窃等暴力犯罪。五是严重破坏对外开放政策的实施。用事实说明,受贿犯罪严重影响了对外开放政策的实施,污染了经济发展的环境,损害了国家和政府的对外形象和威信。
三、受贿犯罪原因。从经济原因、制度原因、思想原因及犯罪黑数高导致刑罚缺少不可避免性,被害人(行贿人)的致害因素等五个方面探讨产生受贿犯罪的原因。其一,经济原因。指出“寻租”市场的形成为受贿犯罪提供了可能,不正当的商业竞争是诱发受贿犯罪的温床,不合理的社会分配机制造成了受贿犯罪的土壤。其二,制度原因。具体剖析了权力失去制约,监督乏力,检察机关权力受限,侦破不及时,处罚偏轻,打击不力等制度方面的原因。其三,思想原因。分析了拜金主义思想的影响,超前消费心理的影响,封建特权思想的影响对产生受贿犯罪的作用。其四,犯罪黑数高,刑罚缺少不可避免性。提出对于预防犯罪来说,刑罚的不可避免性比刑罚的严厉更有效,而受贿犯罪高“黑数”必然导致普遍的侥幸心理,使更多的人以身试法,形成受贿犯罪数量增加一一黑数高一一再增加的恶性循环。其五,被害人的特殊致害因素。指出受贿犯罪被害人的某些致害因素,对受贿犯罪案件的发生起到了一定的偶合作用。
四、受贿犯罪预防对策。针对我国受贿犯罪发展、蔓延的严峻形势,提出具体的预防对策。其一,建立具有预防受贿犯罪功能的市场经济体制。提出对国有企业进行股份化改造,达到既能调动企业及其经营管理人员的积极性,又使他们的管理活动置于有效监督之下的目标；取消价格、利率、汇率“双轨制”,减少“寻租”活动的地盘,政府的宏观调控和微观管制,应从制度上保证不偏离目标,建立公正合理的分配机制,引导消费基金转化为生产基金。其二,加强与完善反贪污、贿赂、法制建设。提出应制定一部专门的反贪污贿赂法,调整惩治受贿犯罪的刑罚方法,对行贿罪不应只以“谋取不正当利益为目的”；应扩大“贿赂”的范围；建立统一、权威的反贪污贿赂专门机构。其三,建立和完善公务员制度,提高公务员的整体素质。提出应建立公务员任用、考核、奖惩制度事实行公务员回避制度,实行财产申报制度,禁止公务员经商和兼职,实行高薪养廉，实行金融真名制。其四,建立和健全廉政监督机制。提出应强化权力机关的监督,党内监督,司法机关的监督,公民监督,新闻监督等五个方面监督。

英文文摘  Criminal acceptance bribe is outstanding in a lot of corrupt phenomenon. The endanger of criminal acceptance bribe is very deep and severe in late years, criminal acceptance bribe has been deeply researched in judicial organs and the science of law. Because that anti-corruption is a long difficult task, criminal acceptance bribe needs to be researched in many angles The thesis suggest to perfect some of law and regulation, through analyzing corruption phenomenon and harmfulness and researching measure to prevent of criminal acceptance bribe.
The thesis is composed of four parts:
l) The characteristic of criminal acceptance bribe. In instance that the style of criminal acceptance bribe structure''s change, being comprehensive compared with concrete dates and typical casesinanti-corruption, the nine characteristic of criminal acceptance bribe have been drawn. First, the rate of criminal acceptance bribe in economic crime becomes larger and larger and the number of the case of criminal acceptance bribe is growing. Second, the number of the major and important cases of criminal] acceptance bribe increases sharply and criminal acceptance bribe involves large sums of illicit money. Third, the objects of criminal acceptance bribe are most the members of the Chinese Communist Party, better educated and older. Forth, the criminal method is tricky diverse. Fifth, the criminal acceptance bribe spread to judicial organs from economic department and become public and wide spread. Sixth, a bunk of cases "sheltering cases" increases. Seventh, The criminals capable of counter-investigate become stronger and it is difficult to crack criminal cases Eighth criminal commit against wind and the recurrence of the cases complexity become heavily. Ninth, the number of the cases that aren''t checked out is larger.
2) Endanger of criminal acceptance bribe. The thesis analysis that the politics, economic, social endanger of criminal acceptance bribe from the influence that criminal acceptance bribe effect economic-based and super structure. First, the authority of the party in power and government and the political power stable are affected. The thesis point out that the deed that some of the state government employee especial some of the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and government extort and accept bribe make the peoples faith to the Chinese Communist Party and government and the authority reduce and effect perfecting the Chinese Community Party route, Policy and endanger political power stable. Second, severe destruction economical constructor. The thesis explain that phenomenon of acceptance bribe developing and spreading endangers currency economic constructor to a certain extent, serious harm to establish and develop socialist market-based economical system. Third, criminal acceptance bribe endangers relation ship between the Chinese Communist Party and government with the people. Thesis explain that it will endanger prestige of the sate and the Chinese Communist Party and relation between the party and government with the masses and positive that the masses construct are socialist that the state government-employee extort and accept bribe, using the power that the people give. Forth, the criminal acceptance bribe and severe endanger social stable and cause social disturb and commit crime. The thesis explain that if criminal acceptance bribe spreads in social and is not halted in time, that the emotion against to political party develop to a certain extent and meet the corresponding condition will cause social turmoil, criminal plunder, criminal swindle, larceny. Fifth, the criminal acceptance bribe severely endangers implement the opening to the outside world policy. Thesis explain that criminal acceptance bribe severely affect implement the opening to the outside world policy populate economic circumstances and endangers the prestige of the state and government opening to the outside world policy.
3) Reason for criminal acceptance bribe. The thesis disputes the reason for criminal acceptance bribe from the five aspects of economic reason, regulate reason, idea reason, briber''s harm. High number of the cases that haven''t been checked'' out cause that criminal avoid punished. First, the reason for economic, the thesis point out that "seek for rent "market provides possible of criminal acceptance bribe and no reasonable distribution system produce the criminal acceptance bribe. Second, reason for reason regulation, thesis analysis concretely. The reason for some regulation of losing power, weak supervision definite power of procuratorate is not checking out in time, light punishment. Third, Reason for thinking the thesis analysis that idea of money.
4) The method of preventing of criminal acceptance bribe.
Third, the system of the state government-employee should be perfectly established and the government-employee''s quality should be enhanced.

关键词  受贿犯罪,危害性,对策,自由词  
分类标识  D924  
论文注解日期  19990315  
总页数  60P