题　名  民事诉讼当事人代位制度研究  
作　者  马莲  
作者单位  吉林大学,法学院,长春市 130012  
专　业  诉讼法学  
指导教师  马新彦，  
学位级别  303  
馆藏索取号  3980335  
中文文摘  本文是一篇系统地研究民事诉讼当事人代位制度有关问题的论文。全文由四个部分组成；第一部分，当事人代位的现实价值；二部分，当事人代位的界定与理论基础；第三部分，当事人代位与相关制度的比较研究；第四部分，我国当事人代位制度之完 善。
论文第一部分从以“直接利害关系”为本质特征之传统当事理论入手，结合国内外情况，分析了该传统理论与立法及司法实践之冲突，而后介绍了以德国、日本为代表之大陆法系及以美国为代表之英美法系国家在传统当事人理论上的突破和我国的类似实践尝试，继而笔者提出应对传统理论的衡量标准予以修正，赋予特定的非直接利害关系人代位于直接利害关系人充当诉讼当事人之资格，即引入“代位当事人”之概念，并论证了当事人代位之理论意义及现实价值。
第二部分深入地探讨了当事人代位制度的若干主要问题。首先，笔者对当事人代位之含义作出界定。即指在案件之直接利害关系人因故不能以当事人资格进行诉讼时，依法由与案件无直接利害关系的适格第三人以当事人身份起诉或者应诉的制度，在此基础上与传统当事人相比较，进而分析了当事人理论的变化。其次，从实体当事人与诉讼当事人具有独立之主体地位及当事人之代位权以特定的实体权利为基础两个方面论述了当事人代位的理论基础。再次，与一般当事人相对比，讨论了代位当事人的权利、义务及责任，认为代位当事人在享有纯粹程序意义上之诉讼权利时与一般当事人相同，但对于涉及处分实体权利之诉讼权利，代位当事人仅能有限享有，即以不危害被代位人合法权益为限。代位当事人之特殊义务在于应以善良管理之原则谨慎、勤勉为诉讼行为，若违反此义务且又造成较大损失者，应依其过错程序承担相应之法律责任。最后，探讨了当事人代位的适用条件。本文认为应具备四个条件方可适用当事人代位制度；l、有代位之必要；2、代位当事人须有诉讼行为能力；3、代位当事人须与讼诉标的存在一定的牵连关系；4、代位须在法律规定的范围内进行。
第三部分，从制度的含义、适用条件、制度主体与诉讼标的之利害关系、享有之诉讼权利、诉讼地位、受法院裁判之拘束程度等多个角度，将当事人代位制度与相关或相似的代表人诉讼制、诉讼代理制度、诉讼权利的承担制度等进行比较研究，进一步阐明当事人代位制度的有关问题。
第四部分，本文经过对我国目前当事人代位制度滞后、实践超前之现状分析，提出对当事人代位制度应从理论与立法两方面加以完善。理论上要加强对当事人代位制度的系统深入研究，立法上则需对当事人代位的适用条件、适用范围以及代位当事人之权利义务等各个具体问题予以明确规定。最后，笔者依据我国现实情况，借鉴国外相关制度，提出法律应予以明确规定适用当事人代位制度的十种案件类型，并进行了简要的个案分析。  
英文文摘  This thesis studies systematically on the system of subrogation party in actions civil. It consists of four parts. Part I, practical significance of the system of subrogation party. Part II, definition of the system of subrogation party and its theoretical basis. Part III, comparative studies between the system of subrogation party and other related systems. Part IV, legal suggestions on improving the system of subrogation party.
Part I begins with a traditional theory about party which is characterizing with direct interest and presents the conflict between traditional theory and current legislation as well as judicial practice both in China and in other nations. Then the author introduces the development upon the traditional theory about party in civil law countries and that in common law countries. Similar efforts made in China are also mentioned. In the author''s opinion, the traditional standards of identifying a party should be corrected and certain indirect party in interest, who subrogates direct party in interest, should be endowed with the qualification to be a party. Therefore comes a new concept of subrogation party. Also the author points out the significance of the system of subrogation party both in a theoretical way and in a practical way.
Part II covers the main issues of the system of subrogation party. First, the author herself gives a concept of the system of subrogation party, i. e. a system in which the proper third party who has indirect interest with the suit can act as a plaintiff or a defendant in a case in accordance with the statement of law when the direct party in interest can not act as a party to the litigation for some certain reasons. According to this concept, the author discloses the development of the theory about party by comparing with the party in traditional theory. Second, the author presents that the theory about the system of subrogation party derives from two facts. One is that substance party and action party are both independent subjects. The other is that a party has the right to subrogate on the basis of some certain substantive rights. Furthermore, compared to the party in general meaning, subrogation party ahs special rights, duties and responsibilities. In other word, although they have the same procedural rights, their substantive rights are completely different. A subrogation party should cautiously deal with the substantive rights for the subrogate to such and extent that not harming the latter''s legal interests. Otherwise, the subrogation party would be liable for a great damage. Finally, the author concludes four prerequisites to application of the system of subrogation party. It includes necessity to subrogate, capacity of subrogation party, subrogation party''s having certain relations with the subject matter and that subrogation should accord with law.
In part III, the author compares the system of subrogation with the system of action representative, the system of action agent and the system of inheritance of action rights.
In the last part, the author suggests that the system of subrogation party should be developed from the point of view of theory and legislation. Theoretically, a further study on the system of subrogation is in urgent need. Legislatively, the prerequisites to application as well as the scope of application of the system of subrogation party and so on should be definitely stated. At last, the author lists ten models in which conditions the system of subrogation party should be applied. In addition, the author briefly analyses each simple cases.

关键词  民事诉讼,当事人,代位,自由词  
分类标识  D925.1  
论文注解日期  19971212  
总页数  57P