学位论文题名 中国毒品犯罪的惩治与防范
论文作者     郝冬梅
作者单位     吉林大学
专    业     刑法
指导教师     郑成良
并列题名     Prevention and punishment of China''s drug-related crimes
学位级别     303
中文文摘
     从十八世纪中叶开始，中国就开始饱受鸦片烟毒之苦。中华人民共和国成立后，立即在全国范围内(台湾、香港、澳门除外)开展了声势浩大的禁毒斗争，短短几年时间，就基本上禁绝了鸦片的毒害，以“无毒国”享誉于世。但是，自八十年代以来，毒品犯罪在我国死灰复燃并发展蔓延开来，党和政府高度重视，初步形成了一套比较完整、有效的禁毒斗争的政策和法治机制，但是由于我国的法制不健全，打击和防范毒品犯罪的经验不足，毒品的危害仍然很严重，当前毒品违法犯罪呈现出新的特点，禁毒形势依然严峻。因此，高度重视和进一步加强对毒品犯罪活动的惩治与防范，是我国法治工作和全社会当前及今后相当一个时期的一项重要任务。本文旨在综合各家学说，以动静联袂的思路和全方位、多角度、综合、系统研究方式，不揣浅陋地加以探索。 毒品犯罪是社会各种因素形成的"社会综合症"，吸毒不仅给本人、家庭、社会带来了极大的危害，且诱发盗窃、抢劫、杀人、卖淫等各种违法犯罪行为。因此，探求毒品犯罪的原因及危害有助于在更高层次上认识毒品犯罪现象、掌握毒品犯罪规律、制定毒品犯罪对策从而减少并逐步根除犯罪。另外，从理论上阐述毒品犯罪的概念，旨在揭示各种具体毒品犯罪的共性，从整体上认识毒品犯罪的社会危害性。以便更好地惩治和预防毒品犯罪。中华人民共和国成立后，中国共产党根据各个历史时期的不同情况，领导全国人民同毒品犯罪进行了坚决的斗争。从禁毒立法方面来看，从五十年代至新刑法的出台，有一个逐步发展和完善的过程，即从禁毒政策、行政法规到禁毒法律；从大行政区制定的法规直至形成了有禁毒法律、行政法规、司法解释及中国加入国际禁毒公约几方面相结合、相配套的禁毒法律体系，为司法机关和政府有关部门惩治与防范毒品犯罪提供了有力的法律依据和法律保障。本文试图从历史的视角分析和描述中国政府惩治毒品犯罪的立法沿革，指出禁毒立法是随着形势的发展而逐步完善，在一定意义和程度上折射出中国惩治毒品犯罪的立场和态度。 对毒品犯罪防范的研究，相对于毒品犯罪的惩治而言，无疑是较薄弱的一环。而依法严厉打击毒品违法犯罪活动，是防范的首要环节，也是新中国建国之初禁烟戒毒获得巨大成功的一条重要经验，所以我国现行的法律体系为了适应同国内外毒品犯罪作斗争的需要，有必要对禁毒法规现有的条款进行完善，并在分析、研究我国毒品犯罪现状、原因并参照国外立法例的基础上，提出对现行禁毒法规中应增补的条款。同时为了更有效地打击毒品犯罪，也阐述了对刑事程序法及行政立法的完善。有些观点或已被立法机关采纳，或对有关部门的立法有些借鉴作用，在此进行的阐述就是为了能正确地认识立法原意，正确地适用法条，也不无裨益。 为了达到防治毒品犯罪的目的所采取的措施应当得力。所以必须实行以打击为主，其它手段为辅的方针，采取综合防范手段，全面进行治理。本文旨在以综合治理为纲，以解决毒品犯罪问题为宗旨，从九个方面，论述了如何预防毒品犯罪。这些方法包括建立和建全禁毒机构。强化禁毒司法、提高禁毒人员的素质，健全和完善各类戒毒机构。开展禁毒宣传教育，并采取积极的禁毒措施，提高全民禁毒、防毒意识。加强对青少年的吸毒防范，从思想、社会、治安、刑罚等方面构筑防范青少年吸毒的防线，减少青少年的吸毒人数。建立禁吸、戒毒的各项措施，帮助吸毒者的矫治。充分依靠基层组织和基层职能部门，狠抓禁种和铲除工作，抓好毒品原植物的禁种工作。充分发挥职能部门的作用，有力地查处毒品违法犯罪活动。加强国际合作，全方位开展区域合作，进一步参与全球行动，更广泛地争取国际社会的理解和支持并加强毒品犯罪的司法协助。逐步创建"无毒社区"，随之实现全省乃至全国的无毒目标是十分必要的。要在党委、政府直接领导下，广泛发动人民群众共同抵制毒品，社会通力合作参与禁毒，实现无毒的目标。建立金融监控机制、防范毒品洗钱行为。希望这些观点和意见能扩大思路，对全面认识毒品犯罪的防范有所借鉴。 中国毒品犯罪的惩治与防范问题，即要在理论上加以规范，亦涉及实践的综合治理，即是我国加强对毒品犯罪惩治与防范研究的迫切需要，亦是在司法界、法学界及社会各界不断完善和发展的需要。本文的编写目的，是在理论与实务相结合的基础上，为刑事司法服务，形成一篇有针对性的学术文章。初生之物，其形必丑，本文的疏漏和缺陷不言自喻，无须赘述。诚望方家斧正。
英文文摘 China has suffered from opium since the middle of the 18th century. After the foundation of the PRC. China''s government began to launch a large-scale struggle against opium all over the country excluding Taiwan, Hongkong, and Macao. Opium was eliminated in just a several years, and China was famous in the world as "the country without drug" in the world. But drug-related crime began to come round and rage again in the 1980s. Though the goverment paid close attention to it and formed a series of polotics regulations which are very effective, the harm caused by drugs was also very seriors because the law was not enforced at all levels and there was not enough experience in prevention and punishment. The drug-ralated crime appears in new traits, and it is quite serious recently. Therefore, it is a very important job for our country to value highly and strengthen the efforts prevention and punishment of China''s drug-related crimes. This article intends to research this problem by a active train of thought. At the same time. it has a perfect and comprehensive study style from all angles.Drug-ralated crime is a social synthesizer of all elements. Drug taking is not only harmful to the drug taker himself (herself),the family, and the society, but also leads to theft, robbery, murder and prostiution. In order to recognize the criminal characteristics, grasp the criminal habits form the regulations and eliminate drug-related crime in the end, we must find out the cause and know the harm of the drug crime. Furthermore, the purpose that we expound the drug crime concept and its general traits is to reveal the general character of all kinds of specific drug crime, and to recgonize the social harm. Any crime is composed of the subjective and objective sides. The exposition of the concept of drug crime is also made up of both subjective and objective sides so that we can know more about the drug crime.According to different situations of this period in China''s history, the party has led the people of China to launch a steadfast struggle against drug crime since the PRC was founded. From the 1950s to the appearance of the now criminal law, it had a certain developing course: first the policy, then the execrtive regulation s and finally the criminal law. The drug prohibition law system which is composed of the drug prohibition law, execrtive regulations, judicial explanation and the enrollment of China in the Intermational Drug Prohibition Association supplies sufficiant evidence and grarantees for the govement on how to prevent and penalize the drug crime. The article wants to analyse and describe how China''s government penalizes drug crime from a historical angle, demonstrate the drug prohibitom law is developing with the situation, and show that China''s government''s firm attitude to drug prohibition.The study of the drug prevention is more difficult than the drug penalty. It is t he first step to penalize the drug crime severely in order to prevent drug crimes. This was also one of the most important successful measures which China used w hen it was founded. So it is very necessary to put into practice the present drug prohibition regulations, and propose the addtional clause on the basis of the analysis of our country''s drug crime situation, its causes, particularly with reference to foreign countries. At the same time, in order to penalize the drug crime. we must put the criminal law into practice. Some of the viewpoints have been ad opted by the goverment departments. All the explanations are sutable for the clause.The method of preventing drug crime must be valid. To achieve the goal of drug p revention, the penalty must be severe, with the minor help of other measures. Comprehensive prevention measures should be adopted to deal with all the problems. The article makes a comprehensive goverance outline, to explain how to prevent drug -related crime from nine sides. They include: establishing the drug prohibiton branches, strengthening the drug prohition legislation, improving the expertise of drug prohibition workers, developing a programmer of education so that all the people, especially the youth and teenagers know the importance of drug prevention and prohibition, stopping them from taking drugs, reducing the number of the drug takers, creating some methods to help the drug takers out of the drug abuse, depending on the basic organizations and execrtine departments to stop the production of illegal drugs and drug-prodrcing crops, associating with the international drug prohibition organization, involving all the people in preventing drug abuse, establishing the financial supervision to prevent the criminals getting money illegally. I hope all my views are helpful to recgonize the drug prevention and make the presentation of ideas on prevention clearer.
索书号 3010673
主题词 毒品犯罪毒品禁毒立法
分类号 D914
论文答辩日期 20010410
论文页码总数 66P
论文页码总数 ref10
文献语种 zh
记录来源 吉林大学
记录流水号 DA200205000076

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吉林大学 3010673