学位论文题名 论行政自由裁量权的司法监督制度
论文作者     常晓春
作者单位     吉林大学
专    业     法学理论
指导教师     郑成良
学位级别     303
中文文摘
    本文主要是对行政自由裁量权的司法监督作一般理论探讨和比较研究,并对司法监督制度作一理想构建。本文认为,行政自由裁量权包括立法性的自由裁量权与执法性的自由裁量权,司法监督应是一种全面监督,是行政自由裁量权监督机制中最为重要的一环,这是由司法的特点和地位所决定的。目前中国的司法监督制度已初具规模,但离法治国家的基本目标还远远不够。本文在对西方主要发达国家(美、英、法、日、德)的有关司法制度的比较研究基础上提出了制度移植的有关构想。本文专门探讨了我国司法监督制度的模式。本文认为,我国目前的司法制度在实践中还存在应予以重视和研究的空白。比如,尚缺乏违宪审查的规定,这在相当程度上影响了司法机关对行政自由裁量权予以全面审查。由于没有这方面的规定与实践,再加上未有程序保障而难以实施,因此在我国,大量的违宪事实得不到纠正。此外,司法机关虽然在受理行政诉讼案件时可以对行政机关所适用的行政法规、规章不予适用,但实践中极少出现此类情况。再有,由于行政相对人不能就抽象行政行为提起诉讼,也阻碍了司法机关的司法审查。而且,由于我国目前还未形成判例制度,即使行政法规或规章在一个地方被不予适用,在另一个地方同样可以畅行无阻,这就容易导致政出多门、法制不统一的混乱局面。本人认为,应认真研究如下问题:一是对违宪的抽象行政行为如何进行司法审查；二是当对某一具体行政行为适用现行法规,而出现与上一级法规相冲突时如何避免或统一不同的司法机关做出的不同判决；三是如何克服全面审查所可能遇到的体制障碍。根据中国的实际情况,借鉴西方的宪政实践,本文认为应当从如下几个方面入手:首先,应当修改宪法或作特别立法,规定一个宪法委员会作为合法的违宪审查机构并且对审查程序及管辖范围作出详细规定。此宪法委员会不但可以审查行政机关违宪案件,而且可以对权力机关的立法行为是否违宪作出裁判。本文还认为此宪法委员会以设在最高法院为宜。其次,修改行政诉讼法,规定公民、社会组织可以对抽象行政行为予以起诉,司法机关经审查认为是违宪之诉则应当移交宪法法庭或宪法委员会处理,若只是一般公法之争,则可以予以审查,对于因具体行政行为涉及到的适法审查也是一样。对于行政法规、规章与法律的审查只有同级法院才得以为之,下级法院若受理到这些案件应移交上级法院处理。再次,以立法的形式授权最高法院及各省高级法院制定一批判例,但地方判例法不得与中央判例法和最高权力机关制定的法律相违背。本文还从司法监督制度建设的角度,深入探讨了实施司法监督的标准与方式,提出了基于行为根据、行为目的、行为事实、行为程序四个主要方面对行政自由裁量权进行审查的四条标准,即行政自由裁量行为有无法律依据；行政自由裁定行为是否符合立法精神、授权目的(以防滥用)；行政自由裁量行为事实要件是否合法；行政自由裁量行为的作出是否符合法定程序。并对实体裁判方式、司法建议方式的内容做了较深入的论述。最后,本文还认为,要构建行政自由裁量权的司法监督制度,必须进行司法制度改革与政治体制改革。而且认为,以司法制度作为突破口探索改革目前的政法体制是最少代价的明智举措。对此,本文根据目前中国的制度现实作了一些理论思考。全文包括引言、正文、结束语三部分，约二万多字，分为四章。本文通过翔实的资料分析和比较研究,在比较文化等的立场上,认真审视中西法治模式之差异,探究中国依法行政之走向。  
英文文摘 The thesis is primarily an ordinary theoretical exploration and comparative research about the judicial supervision of administrative discretionary power includes legislative discretion and executive discretion for which the general supervision is necessary. Now in China the judicial supervision institution already has its preliminary scale. But at the same time there is still some vacancy in practice field, which should be taken account of and researched. For example, because of lacking of judicial review of unconstitution, many violations of constitution can be rectified. So the thesis offers a system transplanting design based on probing into the judicial system of some principal western developed countries (such as America, England, France, Japan and Germany). On the other hand, judicial authority, administrative counter - person and local government show difference to the administrative rules and regulations, which also obstructs the judicial inspection. I think it necessary to probe into these problem: First, how to investigate unconstitutional abstract administrative act through judicial system. Second, how to avoid or unify distinctive judgments adjudged by different judicial organizations. Third, how to eliminate institutional obstructions that might be encountered during comprehensive review. In the light of the actual conditions of China, and simultaneously, drawing lessons from the western constitutionals practice, I believe the thesis should be begun with from the following some respects: firstly, establish a constitution commission which is to F and be written in the constitution and installed in the Supreme People''s Court to inspect questions of unconstitution concerning administrative organism and legislative body. Secondly, modify the administrative procedural law in order that the citizen and social organization could bring a suit against the abstract administrative act. While all grades of the court should pay special attention to stages of trial. Finally, empower the Supreme People''s Court and the Superior People''s Court in all provinces with rights in creating judicial precedents. But the local case laws should not go against the laws made by the highest organ of authority The thesis, from an instructive angle of judicial supervision system, also presents four standards and modes of judicial control in view of the basis, intention, fact and procedure of conduct, which are used to investigate administrative discretionary power. In the end, it is necessary and wise to reform the judicial and political system relying or the judicial institution innovation. The whole thesis includes three sections. They are introduction, the body and the conclusion. It is based on detailed analysis of information and comparative study of the differences between East and West law - governing pattern before being accomplished. And its purpose is to inquire into the tactic of administration ac-cording to law.  
索书号 3990364
主题词 行政自由裁量权司法监督
分类号 D922.11
论文答辩日期 19990415
论文页码总数 82P
论文页码总数 ref23
文献语种 zh
记录来源 吉林大学图书馆
记录流水号 DA200102003155

馆藏信息： 馆藏号 索书号
吉林大学图书馆 3990364